{"id":238,"date":"2023-12-19T20:51:53","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T18:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/?p=238"},"modified":"2023-12-19T20:51:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T18:51:53","slug":"trei-strategii-de-coping-relational","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/2023\/12\/19\/trei-strategii-de-coping-relational\/","title":{"rendered":"Trei Strategii de Coping Rela\u021bional"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Karen Horney &#8211; Teoria nevoilor nevrotice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i este discutabil\u0103, mul\u021bi sunt de acord c\u0103 teoria nevrozei a lui Horney este cea mai bun\u0103 care exist\u0103 ast\u0103zi. Ea a privit nevroza \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 lumin\u0103, spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 este mult mai compatibil\u0103 cu via\u021ba normal\u0103 dec\u00e2t credeau al\u021bi teoreticieni. Mai mult, ea a v\u0103zut nevroza ca o \u00eencercare de a face via\u021ba suportabil\u0103, ca o tehnic\u0103 de control interpersonal \u0219i de coping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Horney a considerat c\u0103 este o gre\u0219eal\u0103 s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 nevrozele la adul\u021bi sunt cauzate de abuz sau neglijen\u021b\u0103 \u00een copil\u0103rie. Ea, \u00een schimb, a <strong>numit indiferen\u021ba parental\u0103<\/strong> adev\u0103ratul vinovat din spatele nevrozei. Cheia pentru \u00een\u021belegerea acestui fenomen este percep\u021bia copilului, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t inten\u021biile p\u0103rintelui, a spus ea. Un copil poate sim\u021bi o lips\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i afec\u021biune dac\u0103 un p\u0103rinte, care este el \u00eensu\u0219i ocupat sau nevrotic, \u00ee\u0219i bate joc de g\u00e2ndirea copilului sau neglijeaz\u0103, de exemplu, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 promisiunile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Folosind experien\u021ba ei clinic\u0103, Horney a numit zece modele particulare de nevoi nevrotice. Ele se bazeaz\u0103 pe lucruri de care to\u021bi oamenii au nevoie, dar care sunt distorsionate uneori &nbsp;din cauza dificult\u0103\u021bilor din via\u021ba lor. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce le investiga \u00een continuare, ea a descoperit c\u0103&nbsp; putea grupa cele 10 nevoi &nbsp;zece \u00een <strong>trei strategii largi de coping<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prima strategie este <strong>conformarea, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea de strategie de mi\u0219care c\u0103tre sau solu\u021bie de eliberare<\/strong>. Majoritatea copiilor care se confrunt\u0103 cu indiferen\u021ba p\u0103rinteasc\u0103 folosesc aceast\u0103 strategie. Ei au adesea o team\u0103 de neputin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i abandon sau ceea ce Horney a numit anxietate de baz\u0103. Aceast\u0103 strategie include primele trei nevoi:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nevoia de afec\u021biune \u0219i aprobare, care este nevoia nediscriminatorie at\u00e2t de a face pe plac celorlal\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i de a fi pl\u0103cut de ei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nevoia nevrotic\u0103 a unui partener, ca altcineva s\u0103-\u0219i preia via\u021ba, cuprinz\u00e2nd ideea c\u0103 iubirea va rezolva toate problemele cuiva; \u0219i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nevoia nevrotic\u0103 de a-\u0219i restr\u00e2nge via\u021ba la frontiere \u00eenguste, inclusiv de a fi nepreten\u021bios, mul\u021bumit cu pu\u021bin, discret.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A doua strategie general\u0103 de coping a lui Horney este <strong>agresiunea, numit\u0103 \u0219i solu\u021bia de mi\u0219care \u00eempotriva \u0219i expansiv\u0103.<\/strong> Aici, prima reac\u021bie a copiilor la indiferen\u021ba p\u0103rin\u021bilor este furia sau ostilitatea de baz\u0103. Nevoile de la patru la opt se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 categorie. A patra nevoie este de putere, de control asupra altora \u0219i de o fa\u021bad\u0103 a omnipoten\u021bei. A cincea este nevoia nevrotic\u0103 de a-i exploata pe ceilal\u021bi \u0219i de a-i dep\u0103\u0219i. O alt\u0103 nevoie este de recunoa\u0219tere social\u0103 \u0219i de prestigiu, nevoia de admira\u021bie personal\u0103 c\u0103z\u00e2nd \u00een aceea\u0219i linie. A opta nevoie nevrotic\u0103 este de realizare personal\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strategia final\u0103 de coping este <strong>retragerea, adesea etichetat\u0103 ca solu\u021bie de dep\u0103rtare sau de demisie.<\/strong> C\u00e2nd nici agresivitatea, nici conformarea nu elimin\u0103 indiferen\u021ba p\u0103rinteasc\u0103, Horney a recunoscut c\u0103 copiii \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 rezolve problema devenind autosuficien\u021bi. Aceasta include nevoile nevrotice de autosuficien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i independen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cele de perfec\u021biune \u0219i inatacabilitate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i este uman ca toat\u0103 lumea s\u0103 aib\u0103 aceste nevoi \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103, nevoia nevroticului este mult mai intens\u0103, a explicat Horney. El sau ea va experimenta o mare anxietate dac\u0103 nevoia nu este satisf\u0103cut\u0103 sau dac\u0103 se pare c\u0103 nevoia nu va fi satisf\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een viitor. Nevroticul, prin urmare, face nevoia prea central\u0103 pentru existen\u021ba lor. Ideile lui Horney despre nevoile nevrotice le oglindeau pe cele ale lui Adler \u00een multe feluri. \u00cempreun\u0103, Adler \u0219i Horney alc\u0103tuiesc o \u0219coal\u0103 neoficial\u0103 de psihiatrie \u0219i sunt adesea numi\u021bi ca neo-freudieni sau psihologi sociali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karen Horney &#8211; Teoria nevoilor nevrotice De\u0219i este discutabil\u0103, mul\u021bi sunt de acord c\u0103 teoria nevrozei a lui Horney este cea mai bun\u0103 care exist\u0103 ast\u0103zi. Ea a privit nevroza \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 lumin\u0103, spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 este mult mai compatibil\u0103 cu <a href=\"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/2023\/12\/19\/trei-strategii-de-coping-relational\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=238"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":239,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions\/239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seliproject.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}